T�I NGUY�N N??C D??I ??T ??NG B?NG B?C B? V� NAM B?. NH?NG TH�CH TH?C V� GI?I PH�P

PGS TS ?o�n V?n C�nh1; TS Nguy?n Th? Thanh Th?y2; PGS TS Ph?m Qu� Nh�n3; TS Nguy?n Th? H?4; ThS Tr?n TH? Hu?5; TS T?ng Ng?c Thanh6; TS B?i Tr?n V??ng7; Phan Chu Nam8

(1 G? TT Nghi�n c?u MT?C - Tr??ng ??i h?c M? ??a ch?t, Ch? t?ch h?i ?CTV Vi?t Nam; 2PCN B? m�n ?CTV- Tr??ng ??i h?c M? ??a ch?t ; 3 PG? Trung t�m QH v� ?T T�i nguy�n n??c � B? TN v� MT;  4 G? TT QT v� DB TNN-Trung t�m QH v� ?T T�i nguy�n n??c � B? TN v� MT; 5 Tr??ng ph�ng QL TNN, C?c QL TNN-B? TN v� MT; 6Li�n ?o�n tr??ng L? QH v� ?T TNN mi?n B?c - Trung t�m QH v� ?T T�i nguy�n n??c � B? TN v� MT; 7,8 Ph� L?T L? QH v� ?T TNN mi?n Nam-Trung t�m QH v� ?T T�i nguy�n n??c - B? TN v� MT)

T�M T?T

T�i nguy�n n??c d??i ??t l�nh th? Vi?t Nam t?p trong trong 6 c?u tr�c ch?a n??c ch�nh, trong ?� ch? y?u trong c�c th�nh ta? b? r?i ? hai ??ng b?ng B?c B? (?BBB) v� Nam B? (?BNB). Do s? ?i?u tra nghi�n c?u ch?a ??y ??, do khai th�c s? d?ng m?t c�ch ch?a h?p l�, t�i nguy�n  n??c d??i ??t ?ang c� s? bi?n ??ng m?. M?t m?t ch�ng ta nh?n th?y n??c d??i ??t ? m?t s? di?n t�ch tr�n hai ??ng b?ng ?ang b? g?m v? tr? l??ng, x?u v? ch?t l??ng. Ng??c l?i, c?ng tr�n ?BBB v� ?BNB, c� t?ng ch?a n??c m?i ?� ???c ph�t hi?n, nhi?u di?n t�ch n??c nh?t ?ang ???c m? r?ng. B�o c�o ?i s�u d�nh gi� hi?n tr?ng t�i nguy�n n??c d??i ??t v? s? ph�n b? c�c t?ng ch?a n??c, tr? l??ng ti?m n?ng n??c d??i ??t, hi?n tr?ng khai th�c s? d?ng.

??ng th?i b�o c�o ?� ph�n t�ch s? bi?n ??ng t�i nguy�n n??c v? s? l??ng v� ch?t l??ng trong nhi?u th?p k? qua, ?�nh gi� c�c nguy�n nh�n g�y ra nh?ng bi?n ??ng ?� v� ?? xu?t c�c gi?i ph�p khoa h?c c�ng ngh? ph?c v? khai th�c b?n v?ng t�i nguy�n n??c d??i ??t ? ?BBB v� ?BNB n�i ri�ng v� ? Vi?t Nam n�i chung

SUMMARY

GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN BAC BO AND NAM BO DELTA OF VIETNAM. CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

Groundwater resources of Vietnam in 6 main water structure, which is mainly in unconsolidated formations at two North (DBBB) and South Delta (DBNB). Due to incomplete investigations, by exploiting an irrational use, groundwater resources are strong fluctuations. On the one hand we find groundwater in some areas on two plains are grams of reserves, bad quality. Conversely, on DBBB and DBNB, new aquifer have been discovered, many light-water area is expanding. Report in depthly assessing the current state of groundwater resources on the distribution of aquifers, groundwater potential reserves, current utilization.

Also report analyzed the variation of water resources in quantity and quality over the past decades, evaluate the cause of these changes and propose solutions to science and technology for exploitation sustainable raw groundwater in DBBB and DBNB in particular and Vietnam in general.

M? ??u

Nh? ch�ng ta ?� bi?t, n??c d??i ??t l�nh th? Vi?t Nam t?n t?i trong c�c th�nh t?o c�t cu?i s?i b? r?i, c�t b?t k?t, bazan, ?� v�i v� m?t s? th�nh t?o kh�c t?o th�nh c�c t?ng ch?a n??c  ch�nh trong c�c mi?n ?�ng B?c B?, T�y B?c B?, ??ng b?ng B?c B?, B?c Trung B?, Nam Trung B?, T�y Nguy�n v� ??ng b?ng Nam B?. Trong m?y th?p k? qua, d??i t�c ??ng c?a c�c y?u t? t? nhi�n v� con ng??i, n??c d??i ??t trong c�c c?u tr�c ch?a n??c trong l�nh th? Vi?t Nam bi?n ??ng r?t m?nh m?. Nhi?u t?ng ch?a n??c ?� ???c ph�t hi?n tr??c kia, hi?n nay ?ang ???c khai th�c s? d?ng. Do khai th�c s? d?ng m?t c�ch ch?a h?p l�, t�i nguy�n  n??c d??i ??t ?ang c� s? bi?n ??ng theo h??ng x?u ?i. Ng??c l?i, nhi?u t?ng ch?a n??c m?i ?� ???c ph�t hi?n, nhi?u di?n t�ch n??c nh?t ?ang ???c m? r?ng, nhi?u v�ng n�i ?� v�i xa x�i h?o l�nh ??n nay ?� t�m ???c ngu?n n??c d??i ??t ?? s? d?ng. Trong s? nh?ng c?u tr�c ch?a n??c n�u tr�n th� c?u tr�c ch?a n??c ? ??ng b?ng B?c B? v� Nam B? c� s? bi?n ??ng m?nh m? nh?t. Do khu�n kh? th?i gian c� h?n, trong b�o c�o n�y ch�ng t�i ?i s�u nghi�n c?u v� ph�n t�ch nh?ng bi?n ??ng t�i nguy�n n??c d??i ??t ? ?BBB v� ?BNB.

1. T�i nguy�n n??c d??i ??t D?BB v� ?BNB

??ng b?ng B?c b? c� ba t?ng ch?a n??c ch�nh ?ang ???c khai th�c s? d?ng, ?� l� c�c t?ng ch?a n??c qh, qp v� n2 (xem h�nh 1,a).

??ng b?ng Nam B? c� 7 t?ng ch?a n??c, nh?ng ?ang ???c khai th�c s? d?ng 4 t?ng ch?a n??c ch�nh l� qp2-3, qp1, n22 v� n21 (xem h�nh 1,b) [4,5,6,7].

Hi?n tr?ng khai th�c v� tr? l??ng ti?m n?ng c?a c�c t?ng ch?a n??c ?� ???c th?ng k� v� ?�nh gi�. Theo con s? th?ng k� t�nh to�n c?a ch�ng t�i, so v?i tr? l??ng khai th�c ti?m n?ng th� l??ng n??c khai th�c hi?n nay ch? chi?m m?t ph?n nh? (chi ti?t xem trong b?ng 1). ?y th? m�, ? kh?p m?i n?i hi?n tr?ng m?c n??c v� ch?t l??ng n??c ?ang c� xu h??ng suy gi?m. M?c n??c trong c�c gi?ng khoan khai th�c suy gi?m li�n t?c, nhi?u n?i di?n ra x�m nh?p m?n, di?n t�ch n??c nh?t b? thu h?p.

T�nh h�nh bi?n ??i t�i nguy�n n??c d??i ??t c? v? tr? l??ng (m?c n??c), c? v? ch?t l??ng n??c ???c b�i b�o ?? c?p c? th? ??i v?i c�c ??n v? ch?a n??c ch? y?u v� b??c ??u nh?n ??nh v? nguy�n nh�n bi?n ??ng, ??a ra gi?i ph�p ??i ph� ?? gi?m thi?u t�c ??ng x?u t?i vi?c s? d?ng t�i nguy�n n??c d??i ??t.?

• 10/06/2014 01:44 - C�c giai ??an ?i?u tra ?�nh gi� t�i nguy�n n??c d??i ??t
• 27/02/2014 03:12 - B�n v? ph�n c?p tr? l??ng khai th�c n??c d??i ??t

• 08/04/2011 17:00 - X�c ??nh WQI - online